The purpose of this test procedure is to describe instrumentation and procedures for testing and performance evaluation of cooling towers. The major concern during i study the cooling tower theory was how to computerize the cooling tower theory from the calculation of ntu to the cooling tower performance analysis. Another misunderstanding about cooling tower operations is that the colder the water is, the better, jakel says. Cti publications code tower standard specifications. With the advent of the computer age the cooling tower institute published the blue book. Cooling tower basics and common misconceptions introduction in comparison with most other industrial equipments, the water cooling tower is a simple device, based on the direct contact of two of the earths most common substances.
Ka vl calculator to computerize laborintensive hand calculations. Cooling tower performance basic theory and practice subject. Lab 1b cooling tower performance and sensors for thermal. Manufacturors and users of cooling towers have very diverse requirements when it comes to performance curves. This new text represents the most detailed and comprehensive book presenting modern practice and theory relevant to the thermalflow performance evaluation, design, and optimization of air cooled heat exchangers and cooling towers. The com panion book for counterflow tower analysis is the blue book published by the cooling tower institute. Cooling technology institute encouraging the wise use of our water resources. Thermal performance tests are conducted in accordance. Interpretation of cooling curves the melting temperature of any pure material a onecomponent system at constant pressure is a. Status test conducted to determine the thermal capability or actual operating parameters of an older tower.
Curves 14 is given by the cooling tower institute 15, 16. A change in wet bulb temperature due to atmospheric conditions will not. Mar 22, 2006 cooling tower performance posted in industrial professionals. Cooling tower performance posted in industrial professionals.
Hilton h891 bench top cooling tower and its operating principles. The method allows analytical calculation of cooling tower. The software can help to generate missing or outdated cooling tower performance curves. Where can i find the cooling tower institute blue book soft. The entering air drybulb temperature and relative humidity, talcen independently, have an insignificant effect on thermal verformance of mechanicaldraft cooling towers, but do affect the rate of water evaporation in the cooling tower. Fredrick merkel 1925 proposed a theory relating evaporation and sensible heat transfer where there is counterflow contact of water and air, such as in cooling towers. Code tower standard specifications cooling technology institute. Provide performance curves and other tower design information as required 8. Cooling tower designing is basically an iterative process. Activate cooling tower fan start using control system command. We provide structural analysis, thermal capacity analysis, thermal performance testing and other engineering services. A graph plotting application like ms excel needs to be used to plot the curves. Commercial companies that erect and perform preventive maintenance services for rooftop cooling towers.
Effective thermal design of cooling towers a stepbystep approach to cooling tower design, with an example calculation to make it clear jonny goyal air liquide engineering and construction, lurgi india various misconceptions arise when it comes to the thermal design of cooling towers. A thermal performance test can set a baseline for how a cooling tower is operating and help determine if it is meeting its original thermal design. Functional performance test checklist cooling tower. Recorded data during test will be corelated with performance with performance curves of cooling tower and report will be. The cti service includes cti code tower standard specifications, the cti manual and cooling tower performance curves. The cooling technology institute cti thermal performance certification for the bell cooling towers, pvt. Where can i find the cooling tower institute blue book. The thermal performance capacity of a wet cooling tower is dominated by weather conditions, particularly ambient wetbulb temperature.
Manufacturors and users of cooling towers have very diverse requirements when. An improved cooling tower algorithm for the cooltoolstm. Common misconceptions concerning cooling tower performance tp225a. If a cooling tower freezes up, it can cause dangerous ice buildup on the structure and more. Cooling tower institute performance curves book cti blue book page 2 help. Calculation of tower capability by tower performance curve. The paper reports on a new approach to improving the performance of existing cooling towers, the oriented sprayassisted cooling tower osact, and shows how facts has been used to. Preparation for an official cti thermal performance, plume abatement, or drift emission test part i scope and purpose 1. Using the information presented, it will be possible to incorporate wet cooling tower design and simulation into a procedure to evaluate and optimize power plant cycles. In the report the theory of heat exchange i n wet cooling towers is briefly sumnarized. A method for the simulation of cooling tower performance. In addition, a method for simulation of cooling tower performance at various operating conditions is presented. The cooling tower institute published certain curves cooling tower characteristic curves that i need on the cooling tower institute blue book.
Performance report of induced draft cross flow cooling tower. These curves, prepared in microsoft excel format, are generated by computer models that can be based on. Highlights we have introduced a new and simplified method on thermal performance capacity evaluation of counter flow cooling tower. Preparation for an official cti thermal performance, plume. Sep, 2000 this windowsbased software is equipped with three applications to enable engineers, students, and researchers easy access to the companys blue book of cooling tower performance curves.
This resulted in the publication of the cti blue book of perfor. A cooling tower primarily uses latent heat of vaporization evaporation to cool process water. Many items sold by usabluebook require supplemental training, licenses or permits for proper use and may be harmful if not used properly. Jun, 2016 thermal performance tests, or testing water temperature, is an excellent way for producers to identify cooling tower problems, foster says. Cooling tower institute publications standard specifications and research reports 3ring binder cti on. A simplified method to evaluate cooling tower and con denser performance. Where can i find the cooling tower institute blue book soft copy. The model will then be tested extensively in order to develop a set of performance curves. Commercial cooling towers in new york city, long island. An introduction to the wet cooling tower thermal performance evaluation software and. Items sold by usabluebook are intended for use only by professionals in the water and wastewater treatment industry. Cooling tower institute performance curves book cti blue book.
The red regions indicate where the material is liquid, the blue regions indicate where the material is solid and the green regions indicate where the solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium. Intent in the foreword of cooling tower fundamentals published by marley cooling technologies, inc. Apr 16, 20 where can i find the cooling tower institute blue book soft copy hey im doing a university project on cooling towers. Open library is an initiative of the internet archive, a 501c3 nonprofit, building a digital library of internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form. Every point on every curve needs to be calculated manually. The project deals with the performance study and analysis of induced draft cooling tower, which is one of the deciding factors used for increasing the power plant efficiency also modelling and analysis of flow using software. Acceptance test conducted to verify that a new or rebuilt tower meets contract performance specification requirements 2. This specification covers the most common thermoplastics used in the manufacture of film fills, splash fills, louvers, drift eliminators, nozzles and other small components for use in standard cooling tower application and the physical properties, burning properties and recommended testing procedures employed to determine the defined values, whether processed from virgin or reground material. The ratio of watertoair loading lg which effectively constrain the tower characteristics is evaluated. He also provides modern analytical and empirical tools used to evaluate the thermalflow performance and design of air cooled heat exchangers and cooling towers.
A more nearly exact representation of cooling tower theory. This cooling technology institute cti publication is published as an aid to cooling tower purchasers and designers. Thermal performance of a cooling tower depends principally on the entering air wetbulb temperature. If the original design data for the tower are not available or is no longer relevant, new design data and performance curves will be generated. Commercial cooling towers in new jersey north the blue book building and construction network. Cooling tower institute performance curves book cti blue. Cooling tower performance curves cooling tower blog. A simplified method to evaluate cooling tower and condenser performance using the cti toolkit. Some companies also rent temporary hvac equipment such as chillers, cooling towers, dehumidifying equipment, spot coolers, etc.
Functional performance test checklist cooling tower for. An introduction to the wetcooling tower thermal performance evaluation software and the consulting services privided. The predicted values of lg from the modified model which mass and energy losses by the water are included in the balance equations tda were found to be. Does the claim that the tower is tested in accordance with the japanese standard jis b 8609 guarantee the performance.
Dear allii need some information about cooling tower performance check, using performance curve, calculation of cooling tower efficiency. Cooling technology institute has tested a variety of fill configurations and generated fill characteristic curves for each type. Cooling tower performance calculations are usually performed numerically. The paper reports on a new approach to improving the performance of existing cooling towers, the oriented sprayassisted cooling tower osact, and shows how facts has been used to evaluate the. It is therefore easier, for a generic software package like wetcooling, to calculate the performance points manually over the required input parameter ranges. Wet bulb temperatures and cooling tower performance. The thermal capability of a cooling tower used for air conditioning is often expressed in nominal cooling tower tons. Cooling tower design although kavl can be calculated, designers typically use charts found in the cooling tower institute blue book to estimate kavl for given design conditions. Below are cooling curves for the same system recorded for different compositions and then displaced along the time axis. Cti cooling tower certification bell cooling towers, pvt. This information is also useful in power plant cycle evaluation. Cooling tower performance industrial professionals.
Common misconceptions concerning cooling tower performance tp225a james l. Thermal analysis and computer modeling of cooling tower. Mar 24, 2000 a software version of the cti blueblook of cooling tower performance curves is available. A complete set of these standards and specifications. Cooling tower institute performance curves bookcti blue book. The cooling tower test is conducted in reference with cti code atc 10500, schedule ii performance curve method. The reality is that midwest cooling towers should typically operate at about the same temperature in the summer and the winter. Ihs markit is your source for cti standards and publications. The cooling tower test will be conducted in accordance with the cooling technology institute cti acceptance test code for watercooling towers atc105.
Cooling technology institute thuridon a windowsbased software version of the blue book of cooling tower performance curves has a taboriented graphical user interface. Line of bcti series revision 2 cooling towers 2017 annual reverification test greetings. It is important to recall three key points in cooling tower design. Cooling tower institute publications standard specifications and research reports 3. Optimization of cooling tower performance analysis using taguchi method by ramakrishnan ramkumar and arumugam ragupathy department of mechanical engineering, annamalai university annamalai nagar608002, tamilnadu, india. This specification covers the most common thermoplastics used in the manufacture of film fills, splash fills, louvers, drift eliminators, nozzles and other small components for use in standard cooling tower application and the physical properties, burning properties and recommended testing procedures employed to determine the defined values, whether processed from virgin. Its like going to the doctor for a regular checkup. Performance curves for mechanical draft cooling towers, jownal of engineering for power, oct.
If you read this book carefully, you can make any cooling tower design programs by yourself. The cooling tower institute 1967 using equation 11a principles viz. Cooling tower selection and performance is based on water flow rate, water inlet temperature, water outlet temperature and ambient wet bulb temperature. A simplified method on thermal performance capacity. Figure 18 psychrometric chart with airwater temperature pursuit curve superimposed. Cooling tower thermal capability 4 does the use of a member of the cooling tower institute cti sticker on the cooling tower or on technical bulletins give a guarantee of performance. After performance curves have been established a design for a product that will increase the capability of. Effective thermal design of cooling towers a stepbystep approach to coolingtower design, with an example calculation to make it clear jonny goyal air liquide engineering and construction, lurgi india various misconceptions arise when it comes to the thermal design of cooling towers. Test shall be conducted by accredited representative of contractor and owner. A software version of the cti blueblook of cooling tower performance curves is available. Air cooled heat exchangers and cooling towers detlev g.
Cooling tower performance and sensors for thermal fluid systems. Intent in the foreword of cooling tower fundamentals published by spx cooling technologies, inc. However, cti makes no warranty of fitness for particular purpose or. The software does not have the capability to generate performance curves. In this paper, a simple differential equation for counter flow wet cooling tower is solved analytically taking into consideration the nonlinear dependency of the saturated air enthalpy on temperature. Again, this will be a first issue releasing the actual engineering approach. Our engineers are highly respected cooling tower professionals with many years of experience in the cooling tower industry. North the blue book building and construction network. Conserving cooling power ethanol producer magazine.
For diagnostic testing to pinpoint problems in a cooling tower additional data, not required for the cti or asme test, will be collected. Seismic design requirements for cooling towers 2012 cti educational session ahr expo ac wc systems 2012 cti educational session ahr expo energy water nexus 20 cti educational session ahr expo ac wc systems. This test code provides details as to how a cooling. Cooling tower field performance testing introduction the purpose of a cooling tower test can be varied such as. It may be used by anyone desiring to do so, and efforts have been made by cti to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained herein. In this paper, the tower performance was predicted by a simplified model which was characterized by specification of a mass evaporation rate equation. Minor additional cooling is provided by the air because of its temperature increase. Because the pvc selfextinguishing plastic bars are a. Dec 11, 2009 open library is an initiative of the internet archive, a 501c3 nonprofit, building a digital library of internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form. Cooling tower performance basics basic theory and practice.
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